ĭark-skinned people who live in high latitudes with mild sunlight are at an increased risk-especially in the winter-of vitamin D deficiency. This helps the body to retain its folate reserves and protects against damage to DNA. Humans with dark skin pigmentation have skin naturally rich in melanin (especially eumelanin), and have more melanosomes which provide superior protection against the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation. By the time modern Homo sapiens evolved, all humans were dark-skinned. The primary factor contributing to the evolution of dark skin pigmentation was the breakdown of folate in reaction to ultraviolet radiation the relationship between folate breakdown induced by ultraviolet radiation and reduced fitness as a failure of normal embryogenesis and spermatogenesis led to the selection of dark skin pigmentation. The loss of body hair led to the development of dark skin pigmentation, which acted as a mechanism of natural selection against folate (vitamin B9) depletion, and to a lesser extent, DNA damage.

In the heat of the savannas, better cooling mechanisms were required, which were achieved through the loss of body hair and development of more efficient perspiration. The evolution of dark skin is believed to have begun around 1.2 million years ago, in light-skinned early hominid species after they moved from the equatorial rainforest to the sunny savannas.

People with very dark skin are often referred to as ' black people', although this usage can be ambiguous in some countries where it is also used to specifically refer to different ethnic groups or populations. Dark skin is a type of human skin color that is rich in melanin pigments.

Dark darker darkest parts